PHY2464 Final Review [Chapters 1 - 13; omit 9]

Chapter summaries are good general overviews. Review each chapter's homework problems: expect at least one question from each chapter based on an assigned problem.

Ch 1. Sound; vibrations and waves [longitudinal]; amplitude, compression, rarefaction....; v = fl ; variation of v with temperature

force, area, pressure; units of pressure [1 atm = 10⁵ N/m²]

Ch. 2 frequency, period, wavelength, force, mass, acceleration, weight, work, energy [kinetic(KE) and potential(PE) ], resonance

Simple Harmonic motion [SHM]; KE and PE interchange

Ch. 3 [sources of sound vibrations]

Ch. 4 reflection, refraction, absorption, interference, diffraction, beats

Doppler shift

Ch. 5 Power (=E/t); Intensity [=P/(area)]; sound level (SIL)

dB (definition); threshold of hearing: I₀ = 10^-12 W/m²

Inverse square law and consequences; quiet, loud, & dangerous sound levels

Ch, 6. General questions about the (human) ear.; loudness (sone);

loudness level (phon)

Be able to use the Fletcher-Munson diagram of equal-loudness curves

JND; Review §'s 6.3, 6.4, 6.6, 6.7

Ch. 7. Terms to know: tempo, rhythm, melody, harmony, pitch, scale, intervals,

temperament; Harmonic series; Equal temperament

Ch. 8. Fourier analysis and synthesis; . random noise

Ch. 10. Normal/natural modes of a string; nodes & antinodes ('loops')

f_n = n/(2L) √(T/µ)

Components of plucked-string instruments; standing waves; inharmonicity

Ch, 11. Bowed-instruments: components;

resonance(s) of instrument body functions of bridge, soundboard, soundpost, bass bar, etc, ; production of harmonics

Ch. 12 Pipes/flutes. Normal modes for air columns [open and 'closed']; end

correction; edge tones; flute and recorder

Ch. 13. Reeds. Woodwinds; cylindrical vs. conical bore;

Brasses; mouthpiece; air column; bell