Mechanical Universe Index

Laser Disk #41 - Michelson-Morley Experiment

1: Opening Sequence
2: Significance Of The Michelson-Morley Experiment
3: Historical Setting - 1887
4: Intro To Michelson And Morley
5: Star Field And Earth From Space
6: Sunrise; Ocean Waves
7: Wave Motion And Coupled Oscillators
8: Sunrise And Ocean Waves
9: Properites Of Wave Motion
10: Modern Solar System Model
11: Viscosity Of Fluids
12: Modern Solar System Model
13: Earth And Moon From Space
14: Michelson's Academic Background
15: Michelson With Apparatus
16: Modern Interferometer
17: Principles Of Interferometry
18: Destructive Interference
19: Michelson Morley Anticipated Results
20: Earth's Speed About The Sun
21: Galileo At The Inquisition
22: Michelson In Berlin
23: Michelson's First Interferometer
24: Berlin About 1880
25: Michelson's First Interferometer
26: Case Institute
27: Morley's Background
28: Improved 1887 Interferometer
29: Michelson-Morley Inticipated Results
30: Michelson Morley Actual Results
31: Michelson In Study
32: Michelson With Apparatus
33: Michelson At Conference
34: Fitzgerald's Length Contraction Hypothesis
35: Lorentz Transformation
36: Poincare's Principle Of Relativity
37: Galileo's Notion Of Inertia
38: Galileo In Study
39: Michelson's Work
40: Relative Velocities
41: Lorentz's Electron Theory
42: Young Albert Einstein
43: Michelson With Apparatus
44: Michelson Speaks About His Work
45: Michelson's Nobel Prize
46: Michelson Painting
47: Michelson's Lack Of Influence On Einstein

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Laser Disk #42 - The Lorentz Transformation

1: Opening Sequence
2: Lorentz Transformation
3: Nineteenth Century Technology
4: 1881 Michelson-Morley
5: F. G. Fitzgerald
6: 1887 Michelson-Morley
7: Electron Theory Of Length Contraction
8: Thomson:Electron Discovery
9: Electron Theory Of Length Contraction
10: 1887 Interferometer
11: Toy Train-Constant Speed
12: Train-Motion And Speed
13: Toy Train-Constant Speed
14: Expanding Light Sphere
15: Henry's Observations Of Light Sphere
16: Albert's Observations Of Light Sphere
17: Introduction To Light Detectors
18: Albert's Measurements With Light Dectectors
19: Henry's Measurements With Light Detectors
20: Replay Of Light Sphere And Detectors
21: Poincare's Relativity
22: Galileo's Relativity
23: Galileo And Inertia
24: Toy Train-No Absolute Motion
25: Time Dilation-Light Clocks
26: Length Contraction-Rulers
27: Length Contraction Of Earth
28: Lorentz: Solvay Conference
29: Toy Train -Length And Time
30: Galilean Transformation
31: Lorentz Transformation
32: Multiple Light Clocks
33: Joining Of Space And Time
34: Leiden And Albert Einstein
35: Galileo's Inclined Plane
36: Maxwell: Electromagnetism
37: Postulates Of Special Relativity
38: Expanding Light Sphere
39: Space-Time: Classical
40: Space-Time: Light Sphere
41: Space-Time: Length Contraction
42: Space-Time: Time Dilation
43: Lorentz And Einstein
44: Replay Of Light Sphere
45: Lorentz At Blackboard
46: Significance Of Einstein's Special Relativity

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Laser Disk #43 - Velocity And Time

1: Opening Sequence
2: The Inner Perfection Of Physics Theories
3: Early Aviation
4: Einstein
5: Locomotive
6: Simultaneous Events And Time Dilation
7: A Clock Face
8: Light Clocks And Motion
9: Astronomical Objects
10: Clocks And A Watchmaker
11: People Walking On Early 20Th Century Street
12: Einstein And His Contrmporaries
13: Locomotive
14: Velocity And Space-Time Diagrams
15: A Clock Face
16: Decay Of Mu-Mesons
17: Babies In A Hospital
18: A Clock Face
19: Babies In A Hospital
20: Twin Paradox
21: Principles Of Relativity; The Twin Paradox

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Laser Disk #44 - Mass, Momentum, Energy

1: Opening Sequence
2: Young Coodstein's Theater Experience
3: Poolhall Billiards
4: Newton's Laws, Momentum, And Billard Balls
5: Poolhall Billiards
6: Young Goodstein At The Movies
7: Portrait Of Einstein
8: Relarivity And Space Billiards
9: Space Billiards On A Space-Time Diagram
10: Colliding Billiard Balls
11: Space Billiard From Albert's Point Of View
12: Young Goodstein At The Movies
13: Voyager Passing Satum
14: Cars Racing On A Track
15: People Pushing A Car
16: Billiard Balls Colliding
17: Relativistic Mass Dependence On Velocity
18: Space Billiards And Mass Dependence
19: Young Goodstein At The Movies
20: The Berkeley Accelerator
21: Young Goodstein At Hte Movies
22: An Ion Moving In An Accelerator
23: Momentum And Mass Dependence On Velocity
24: An Ion Moving In An Accelerator
25: Momentum And Mass Dependence On Velocity
26: Track And Field Events
27: Work Done In Changing The Energy Of A Body
28: Kinetic Energy As A Function Of Velocity
29: People Working Out In A Gym
30: Solar Prominences
31: Atomic Explosion
32: Young Goodstein At The Movies
33: Portrait Of Einstein
34: Space Billiards And Mass
35: Solar Flares
36: Young Goodstein At The Movies

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Laser Disk #45 - Temperature And Gas Laws

1: Opening Sequence
2: Temperature And Molecular Motion
3: Summer Desert Drama
4: Temperature Scales
5: Balloons
6: Molecular Basis Of Pressure
7: Hot-Air Balloon
8: Newton In Study
9: Ideal-Gas Law
10: Hot-Air Balloon
11: Scientific Method Of Robert Boyle
12: Boyle's Law
13: Balloon Flights Of Charles
14: Collaboration Of Charles And Gay-Lussac
15: Molecular Basis Of Temperature
16: Early Balloonists
17: Kelvin Temperature Scale
18: Examples Of Absolute Temperature
19: Relationship Between Temperature And Heat
20: Ideal-Gas Law
21: Radio Knt
22: Origin Of The Farenheit Scale

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Laser Disk #46 - Engine Of Nature

1: Opening Sequence
2: The Carnot Family Tree
3: Nineteenth Century Steam Engine
4: Applications Of Steam Engines
5: Nineteenth Century Steam Engine
6: Sadi Carnot Biographical Sketch
7: Applications Of Steam Engines
8: James Watt And The Steam Engine
9: Applications Of Steam Engines
10: Steam Engine Schematic
11: Applications Of Steam Engines
12: Water Wheels
13: Newton In Study
14: Fluid Model Of Electricity
15: Phlogiston Model Of Combustion
16: Waterfalls And Waterwheels
17: Second Law Of Thermodynamics
18: Nineteenth Century Steam Engine
19: Heat Flow In Engines
20: Refrigerator In Kitchen
21: Applications Of Steam Engines
22: Heat Engine Essentials
23: Nineteenth Century Steam Engine
24: Isothermal And Adiabatic Strokes
25: Nineteenth Century Steam Engine
26: Efficiency Of Engines
27: Applications Of Steam Engines
28: Efficiency Of Engines
29: Applications Of Steam Engines
30: Efficiency Of Engines
31: Applications Of Steam Engines
32: Temperature And Efficiency
33: Carnot, Watt, And Clausius

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Laser Disk #47 - Entropy

1: Opening Sequence
2: Laws Of Thermodynamics
3: Chalkie's Billiard Academy
4: Macroscopic View Of Melting Ice
5: Chalkie's Scientists Seek Warm Ice
6: Melting And Diffusion
7: Chalkie's Scientists In Action
8: Forces Of Nature
9: Earth From Space
10: Engines Of Technology
11: Earth From Space
12: Car And Train
13: Lost At Sea
14: Molecular Thermal Equilibrium
15: High-Rise Building
16: Microscopic View Of Bouncing Block
17: Clouds
18: Molecular Thermal Equilibrium
19: Energy Conservation Of Bouncing Ball
20: Work Performed By Heat Engine
21: Life Of Sadi Carnot
22: Carnot Cycle Of Ideal Heat Engine
23: Carnot's Influence On Clausius And Kelvin
24: Entropy In Ideal Heat Engine
25: Steam Locomotive
26: Entropy In Real Heat Engine
27: Train And Assembly Line
28: Forest Fires; Mountains; Arctic
29: Setting Sun; Ocean Waves
30: Train
31: Microscopic View Of Heat Flow
32: Chalkie's Scientists In Action
33: Entropy And Phase Change
34: Falling Water
35: Entropy And Phase Change
36: Chalkie's Action; Free Energy Minimization
37: Heat Death Of The Universe
38: Relationship Between Entropy And Time

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Laser Disk #48 - Low Temperatures

1: Opening Sequence
2: How Are Things Made Cold
3: Air Liquefaction Plant
4: Liquid Oxygen
5: Air Liquefaction Plant
6: Faraday's Experiments On Liquifying Gases
7: Molecules In Solid, Liquid, And Gas Phases
8: Pressure Versus Temperature Diagram
9: Determination Of The Critical Point
10: Critical Point On A P-T Diagram
11: Air Liquefaction Plant
12: Motorist Stranded In The Desert
13: Molecules At Increasing Temperatures
14: Car Radiator Boiling Over
15: Davinci's Air Conditioner
16: Faraday's Lab
17: Producing Solid Carbon Dioxide
18: Faraday's Lab And Liquefaction
19: A Flowing River
20: A Heat Exchanger
21: Air Liquefaction Plant
22: A Heat Exchanger
23: Joule's Conservation Of Energy
24: The Joule-Thompson Effect
25: Molecular Cooling With Expansion
26: Air Liquefaction Plant
27: Portrait Of Von Linde
28: Air Liquefaction Plant
29: London's Royal Institution
30: Dutch Windmills
31: University Of Leyden
32: Portrait Of Ornes
33: Portrait Of Dewer
34: Equipment Used To Liquefy Helium
35: Effects Of Low Temperatures

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Laser Disk #49 - Atoms

1: Opening Sequence
2: Ultimate Constituents Of Matter
3: Bohr Model Of The Hydrogen Atom
4: Circular Planetary And Atomic Orbits
5: Elliptical Planetary And Atomic Orbits
6: Atomic Orbits; Energy Budgets
7: Energy Transitions In Atoms
8: Historical Development Of Atomic Theory
9: Law Of Simple And Multiple Proportions
10: Avogadro's Number
11: Avogadro's Number
12: Size Of Atoms
13: Microscopic View Of Diffusion
14: Balmer Series And Rydberg's Formula
15: Discovery Of The Electron
16: Thompson's Apparatus
17: Plum Pudding Model Of The Atom
18: Discovery Of The Nucleus
19: Circular Planetary And Atomic Orbits
20: Ultraviolet Catastrophy
21: Downfall Of The Rutherford Atom
22: Spectroscopy
23: Max Planck And Energy Quantization
24: Energy Quantization In The H Atom
25: Angular Momentum Quantization In The H Atom
26: Quantization Of Orbits In The H Atom
27: Relation Of Spectroscopy To Atomic Orbits
28: Rydberg Constant And Fundamental Constants
29: Newton To Bohr
30: Models, Theories, And Imagination

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Laser Disk #50 - Particles And Waves

1: Opening Sequence
2: Bold Ideas Leading To Structure Of The Atom
3: Why A Bulb's Brightness Depends On Voltage
4: Glowing Bodies And Filaments
5: Portrait Of Planck
6: Maxewll At His Desk
7: A Coal Furnace
8: A Light Bulb
9: Portrait Of Planck
10: Instantaneous Speed
11: Planck's Constant
12: A Home At Night
13: The Photoelectric Effect
14: Portrait Of Einstein
15: Electrons In A Metal; The Work Function
16: Millikan's Lab
17: The Photoelectric Effect
18: Portrait Of Young
19: Portrait Of Debroglie
20: Particle And Wave Theories
21: Portrait Of Debroglie
22: Bohr's Atomic Model
23: Portrait Of Debroglie
24: Portrait Of Schroedinger
25: Wave Particle Duality
26: Schroedinger's Book In Wave Mechanics
27: Wave Interference With Light
28: Wave Interference
29: Portrait Of Born
30: Portrait Of Heisenberg
31: Waves' Momentum, Position And Uncertainty
32: Portrait Of Heisenberg
33: Light Bulb
34: Wave-Particle Duality
35: Portrait Of Heisenberg
36: Portrait Of Planck
37: Portrait Of Einstein
38: Cal-Tech Campus
39: Particles And Waves; Crossed Polaroids

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Laser Disk #51 - Atoms To Quarks

1: Opening Sequence
2: Nature Of Theory And Fact
3: Fermi Lab Particle Accelerator
4: Microscopic Basis Of Pressure
5: Molecular Electrostatic Forces
6: Sodium Chloride Model
7: Atomic Nucleus
8: Fermi Lab Particle Accelerator
9: Energy Transitions - Bohr Model
10: Angular Momentum Quantization
11: Matter Waves
12: Planetary" And Atomic Motion Compared
13: Periodic Table
14: Uncertainty Principle
15: Probability Distribution Of Electron
16: H Atom Electron Orbital (N=1)
17: H Atom Electron Orbital (N=2)
18: H Atom Electron Orbital (N=2, L=1)
19: H Atom Electron Orbital (N=3)
20: Energy Levels Of H Atom
21: Greek Notion Of Elements
22: Fermi Lab Accelerator
23: Electron Spin
24: Sunrise Over Ocean
25: Earth From Space
26: Periodic Table Based On Quantum Numbers
27: Fermilab Accelerator
28: Octet Of Baryons
29: Particle Accelerator
30: Quark Composition Of Baryons
31: Scientists At Computer Terminal
32: Courage Of A Revolutionary

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Laser Disk #52 - The Quantum Mechanical Universe

1: Opening Sequence
2: Search For The Ultimate Equation
3: Kepler And His Laws
4: Kepler's Laws
5: Spectrum Of Hydrogen
6: Cannonball In Orbit
7: Quark Structure Of Baryons
8: Kepler's Model Of The Solar System
9: Newton And Leibnitz Disagree
10: Gieants Of 20Th Century Physics
11: Copernicus Universe
12: Modern Solar System Model
13: Hydrogen Atom Orbitals
14: H Atom And Planetary Model
15: Newton's Second Law
16: Classical Mechanics Applications
17: Explorers Of Physics
18: Ben Franklin Walking
19: Faraday's Contributions
20: Fields And Induction
21: Maxwell In Study
22: Maxwell's Equations
23: Maxwell In Study
24: Michelson With Apparatus
25: Michelson's Null Result
26: Planck's Constant
27: Rutherford's Strange Discovery
28: Einstein And Newton Compared
29: Relativity And Space Time
30: General Theory Of Relativity
31: Photoelectric Effect
32: Photoelectric Effect Explained
33: Wave Interference
34: Ultraviolet Catastrophe
35: Bohr's And De Broglie's Postulates
36: Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
37: Atomic Orbitals
38: Periodic Table Explained
39: Development Of Mechanics
40: Interference Patterns
41: Statistical Basis Of Pressure
42: Pulsar
43: Medieval Street Scene
44: Conservation Laws
45: Mechanical Universe Origins
46: Quantum Universe Origins
47: Limits Of Quantum Theory