Title for Natalia Zotov:

"Do we observe the real rate of expansion of the universe?"

ABSTRACT

    What is the effect on the calculated rate of expansion of the
universe of the presence of small-scale inhomogeneities?  This question,
raised by George Ellis at a GRG conference, has been addressed by two
groups using radically different approaches but coming to essentially
the same conclusion:  for a given mean density, the observed rate of
expansion will be slower than the rate claculated from the classic
assumption that the universe is an ideal gas.  The method used for one
of these approaches, the gradual smoothing or averaging suggested by
Ellis, will be presented.