| Date | Notes |
| Monday 01/11 | Introductions, course policies. Syllabus
Inspirational reading: AI@UF;
UF AI Initiative;
UF first US university to acquire world's most advanced AI system.
Introduction to Google Colab. Getting set up.
|
| Wednesday 01/13 |
What is data science? PYTHON WEEK Python tutorial 00. Introduction 01. How to run python code 02. A quick tour of python language syntax 03. Basic python semantics: variables and objects 04. Basic python semantics: operators 05. Built-in scalar types: simple values 06. Built-in data structures 07. Control flow. 08. Defining and using functions 09. Errors and exceptions. 10. Iterators 11. List comprehension 12. Generators 13. Modules and packages 14. String manipulation and regular expressions 15. A preview of data science tools 16. Resources for further reading Action items: 1) by our next class (this Friday), try going through at least a couple more sections on your own; 2) try to go over all 16 sections by next Wednesday. Do not try to memorize things, just try to understand the logic and the available functionality. More python exercises and quizzes (with answers) are available here. |
| Friday 01/15 |
NumPy tutorial. Begin reading Chapter 2 "Introduction to NumPy". 2.1. "Understanding Data Types in Python" A Python List Is More Than Just a List, Fixed Type Arrays in Python, Creating Arrays from Python Lists, Creating Arrays from Scratch. 2.2. "The Basics of NumPy Arrays" NumPy Array Attributes, Array Indexing: Accessing Single Elements, Array Slicing: Accessing Subarrays, Subarrays as no-copy views, Creating copies of arrays, Reshaping of Arrays, Array Concatenation and Splitting. |
| Monday 01/18 | No class: MLK day |
| Wednesday 01/20 |
NUMPY WEEK NumPy tutorial. Finish reading Chapter 2 "Introduction to NumPy". 2.3. "Computation on NumPy Arrays: Universal Functions" The Slowness of Loops, Introducing UFuncs, Exploring Numpy's UFuncs: array arithmetic, absolute value, trigonometric functions, exponents and logarithms, specialized ufuncs. 2.4. "Aggregations: Min, Max, and Everything In Between" Summing the Values in an Array, Minimum and Maximum, Multidimensional aggregates, Example: What Is the Average Height of US Presidents? Programming practice: NumPy exercises. |
| Friday 01/22 |
2.5. "Computation on Arrays: Broadcasting" Introducing broadcasting. Fig. 2-4 Visualization of NumPy broadcasting. Rules of broadcasting. (skip the rest of that section) 2.6. "Comparisons, Masks, and Boolean Logic" Skip "Example: Counting Rainy Days in Seattle". Go over: Comparison operators as ufuncs. Working with Boolean arrays. Skip the rest. 2.7. "Fancy Indexing" (skip this section) 2.8. "Sorting Arrays" Read: Fast Sorting in NumPy: np.sort and np.argsort. Sorting along rows or columns. Skip ther rest: Partial sorts: Partitioning. Example: k-Nearest neighbors. 2.9. "Structured Data: NumPy's Structured Arrays" (skip this section) Programming practice: More NumPy exercises. |
| Monday 01/25 |
PLOTTING WEEK Matplotlib tutorial: 04-01. Simple Line Plots. Adjusting the Plot: Line Colors and Styles. Adjusting the Plot: Axes Limits. Labeling Plots. Aside: Matplotlib Gotchas. 04-02. Simple Scatter Plots. Scatter Plots with plt.plot. Scatter Plots with plt.scatter. plot Versus scatter: A Note on Efficiency. 04-03. Visualizing Errors. Basic Errorbars. [Skip: Continuous Errors] 04-04. Density and Contour Plots. Visualizing a Three-Dimensional Function. 04-05. Histograms, Binnings, and Density [to fix the error, replace normed=True with density=True] Two-Dimensional Histograms and Binnings. [Skip: Kernel density estimation] |
| Wednesday 01/27 |
Finish the Matplotlib tutorial: 04-06. Customizing Plot Legends. [the rest of this section is optional] Choosing Elements for the Legend. Legend for Size of Points. Bug fix: use the full URL address of the data file with California cities data: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jakevdp/PythonDataScienceHandbook/master/notebooks/data/california_cities.csv Skip: Multiple Legends. 04-07. Customizing Colorbars. [the rest is optional] Color limits and extensions. Discrete Color Bars. Example: Handwritten Digits. 04-08. Multiple Subplots. plt.axes: Subplots by Hand. plt.subplot: Simple Grids of Subplots. [the rest is optional] plt.subplots: The Whole Grid in One Go. plt.GridSpec: More Complicated Arrangements. 04-09. [optional] Text and Annotation. Example: Effect of Holidays on US Births [Use the full address for the data file https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jakevdp/data-CDCbirths/master/births.csv]. Transforms and Text Position. Arrows and Annotation. 04-10. [optional] Customizing Ticks. Hiding Ticks or Labels. Major and Minor Ticks. Reducing or Increasing the Number of Ticks. Fancy Tick Formats. 04-11. Customizing Matplotlib: Configurations and Stylesheets. [Skip: Plot Customization by Hand [if you decide to try it, replace ax = plt.axes(axisbg='#E6E6E6') with ax = plt.axes(facecolor='#E6E6E6') to fix the error]. Changing the Defaults: rcParams. Stylesheets. 04-12. [optional] Three-Dimensional Plotting in Matplotlib. Three-dimensional Points and Lines. Three-dimensional Contour Plots. Wireframes and Surface Plots. Surface Triangulations. Example: Visualizing a Möbius strip. Skip the remaining sections 04-13 to 04-15. Programming practice: Matplotlib exercises. |
| Friday 01/29 |
5.02. Introducing Scikit-Learn. Data Representation in Scikit-Learn: features and samples, features matrix, target array. Scikit-Learn's Estimator API.
Programming practice: Loading and plotting the standard datasets. Playing with the parameters. |
| Monday 02/01 |
STATS WEEK Statistics 101: Exploratory data analysis. Key terms for data types: continuous, discrete, categorical, binary, ordinal. Key terms for rectangular data: data frame, feature, outcome, records. Non-rectangular data structures. Key terms for estimates of location: mean, weighted mean, median, weighted median, trimmed mean, outliers, robustness. Key terms for variability metrics: deviations, variance, standard deviation, mean absolute deviation, median absolute deviation from the median, range, order statistics, percentile, interquartile range (IQR). Key terms for distribution shapes: boxplot, frequency table, histogram, density plot, violin plot, contour plot. Key terms for categorical data: mode, expected value, bar charts, pie charts. Key terms for correlation: correlation coefficient, correlation matrix, scatterplot. |
| Wednesday 02/03 |
Statistics 102: 2. Data and sampling distributions. 2.1. Random sampling and sample bias. Population. Sample. Random and stratified sampling. Bias. Random selection. Sampling with replacement. Sampling without replacement. Sample mean versus population mean. Sample size versus sample quality. 2.2. Selection bias. Vast search effect. Data snooping. Regression to the mean. 2.3. Sampling distribution of a statistic. Sample statistic. Data distribution. Sampling distribution. Central limit theorem. Standard error. |
| Friday 02/05 |
Statistics 102: 2. Data and sampling distributions. 2.4. The bootstrap. Bootstrap sample. Resampling. Jackknife. 2.5. Confidence intervals. Confidence levels. Interval endpoints. 2.6. Normal distribution. z-score. Standard normal. QQ-plot. 2.7. Long-tailed distributions. 2.8. Student's t-distribution. 2.9. Binomial distribution. Trial. Success. Probability of success. 2.10. Poisson and related distributions. Exponential distribution. |
| Monday 02/08 |
Discussion of the pros and cons of bootstrapping. Statistics 103: 3. Statistical experiments and significance testing. 3.1. A/B testing. Treatment, treatment group, control group, randomization, subjects, test statistic, blind study, double blind study. 3.2. Hypothesis tests. Null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, one-way and two-way hypothesis tests. 3.3. Resampling. The bootstrap. Permutation test. 3.4. Statistical significance and p-values. P-value, Alpha, Type 1 and type 2 errors. 3.6. Multiple testing. Look-elsewhere effect. Adjustment of p-values. 3.9. Chi-square test. Pearson residuals. 3.10. Multi-arm bandit problem. Exploration–exploitation tradeoff dilemma. A few strategies: epsilon-first; epsilon-greedy, epsilon-decreasing. |
| Wednesday 02/10 |
05-01. What is Machine Learning? Examples of: Supervised learning: classification and regression. Unsupervised learning: clustering and dimensionality reduction. |
| Friday 02/12 |
Programming practice: Loading and plotting the standard datasets. Manipulating numerical data.
1. Loading from scikit-learn. 2. Loading with seaborn. 3. Generating data. 4. Loading a csv file. 5. Rescaling a feature. 6. Standardizing a feature. 7. Generating polybnomial and interaction features. Handling missing data. Also go back and review the beginning of section 5.02. Introducing Scikit-Learn: Data Representation in Scikit-Learn: features and samples, features matrix, target array. Scikit-Learn's Estimator API. |
| Monday 02/15 |
Continue 5.02. Introducing scikit-learn. Supervised learning example: Simple linear regression, fit() and predict() methods. Supervised learning example: Iris classification [bug fix: replace cross_validation with model_selection], accuracy score. |
| Wednesday 02/17 |
Continue 5.02. Introducing scikit-learn. Unsupervised learning example: Iris dimensionality. Unsupervised learning: Iris clustering [bug fix: replace GMM with GaussianMixture]. Application: Exploring Hand-written Digits: - Dimensionality reduction [bug fix: replace spectral with Spectral or another valid color map]. - Classification on digits, confusion matrix. |
| Friday 02/19 |
5.03. Hyperparameters and model validation. Thinking about Model Validation: Holdout sets, Model validation via cross-validation [bug fixes: change cross_validation to model_selection and also change cv=LeaveOneOut(len(X)) to cv=LeaveOneOut() ]. Selecting the Best Model. The Bias-variance trade-off. Validation curve. Validation curves in Scikit-Learn [bug fix: replace "from sklearn.learning_curve import validation_curve" with "from sklearn.model_selection import validation_curve"]. Learning curves. Learning curves in Scikit-Learn. Validation in Practice: Grid Search [bug fix: replace "from sklearn.grid_search import GridSearchCV" with "from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV"] [bug fix: delete the "hold=True" argument]. Weekend reading: 5.04. Feature Engineering. [bug fix: replace "from sklearn.preprocessing import Imputer" with "from sklearn.impute import SimpleImputer" and from then on use SimpleImputer instead of Imputer.] Categorical features: one-hot encoding, sparse matrices. Text features: word counts, term frequency-inverse document frequency. Derived features: basis function regression, polynomial features. Imputation of missing data. Feature pipelines: PolynomialFeatures+LinearRegression. |
| Monday 02/22 |
5.06. In Depth: Linear regression. Simple Linear Regression. Loss function for linear regression. Minimizing the loss function. Basis function regression. Polynomial basis functions. Gaussian basis functions. Regularization. Ridge regression (Tikhonov regularization), Lasso regularization, Elastic-net regularization. Skip: Example: Predicting Bicycle Traffic. Programming practice and homework: Linear Regression Challenge. |
| Wednesday 02/24 |
5.05. In Depth: Naive Bayes Classification. Bayesian Classification: Bayes theorem, generative models. Gaussian Naive Bayes. Predicting the posterior probabilities. Multinomial Naive Bayes. Example: classifying text. When to Use Naive Bayes. Team exercise: classifying text for a different set of newsgroups.
Programming practice and homework: NB Classification Challenges. |
| Friday 02/26 |
5.07. In Depth: Support vector machines. Motivating Support Vector Machines: generative versus discriminative classification. Support Vector Machines: Maximizing the Margin: fitting a support vector machine, support vectors, kernel SVM, tuning the SVM: softening the margins. Homework example: Face Recognition. [bug fixes: use "from sklearn.decomposition import PCA as RandomizedPCA"; "from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split"]
Programming practice and homework: SVM Challenges. |
| Monday 03/01 |
5.11. In Depth: k-means clustering. Introducing k-Means. k-means Algorithm: Expectation-Maximization. Caveats: sensitivity to the initial guess, number of clusters a priori unknown, works best with linear boundaries. SpectralClustering. Homework examples: k-means on digits; k-means for color compression. Further reading: Selecting the number of clusters with silhouette analysis on KMeans clustering. Background reading: 5.12. In Depth: Gaussian-Mixture Models. Motivating GMM: Weaknesses of k-Means. Generalizing E-M: Gaussian Mixture Models. Choosing the covariance type. GMM as density estimation. How many components? Akaike and Bayesian information criteria. Bug fixes: replace from sklearn.mixture import GMM gmm = GMM(n_components=4).fit(X) with from sklearn import mixture gmm = mixture.GaussianMixture(n_components=4).fit(X) Also replace for pos, covar, w in zip(gmm.means_, gmm.covars_, gmm.weights_): with for pos, covar, w in zip(gmm.means_, gmm.covariances_, gmm.weights_): Also replace Xnew = gmm16.sample(400, random_state=42) with Xnew, Ynew = gmm16.sample(400) Programming practice and homework: Clustering Challenges. |
| Wednesday 03/03 |
5.08. In Depth: Decision trees and random forests. Ensemble methods. Motivating Random Forests: Decision Trees. Creating a decision tree. Decision trees and overfitting. Ensemble of Estimators: Random Forests. BaggingClassifier. Random Forest Regression. Homework example: Random Forest for Classifying Digits. Programming practice and homework: Decision Trees and Random Forests Challenges. |
| Friday 03/05 |
The need for dimensionality reduction. The curse of dimensionality. Scaling of points in hypercubes of diferent dimensions. Main approaches for dimensionality reduction: projection and manifold learning.
5.09. In Depth: Principal Component Analysis. Introducing Principal Component Analysis. Components and explained variance. PCA as dimensionality reduction. PCA for visualization: Hand-written digits. [Bug fix: 'spectral' -> 'Spectral'] What do the components mean? Choosing the number of components. PCA as noise filtering. Example: Eigenfaces. Bug fix: replace from sklearn.decomposition import RandomizedPCA with from sklearn.decomposition import PCA as RandomizedPCA Programming practice and homework: PCA Challenges. |
| Monday 03/08 |
Bonus Discussion on Dimensionality Reduction Using Feature Extraction. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Kernel PCA.
5.10. In Depth: Manifold Learning. Manifold Learning: "HELLO". Multidimensional Scaling (MDS). MDS as Manifold Learning. Nonlinear Embeddings: Where MDS Fails. Nonlinear Manifolds: Locally Linear Embedding. Example: Isomap on Faces. Example: Visualizing Structure in Digits. Bug fix: replace from sklearn.datasets import fetch_mldata mnist = fetch_mldata('MNIST original') with from sklearn.datasets import fetch_openml mnist = fetch_openml('mnist_784') mnist.target = mnist.target.astype(np.int8) # fetch_openml() returns targets as strings Programming practice and homework: Manifold Learning Challenges. |
| Wednesday 03/10 |
Bonus review of unsupervised learning techniques.
A few more clustering algorithms: Mean-shift, DBSCAN, agglomerative hierarchical clustering. Comparing different clustering algorithms on toy datasets. Further reading: Density estimation as an unsupervised task. Density estimation from the Voronoi Tessellation.
5.13. In Depth: Kernel Density Estimation. Motivating KDE: Histograms. Kernel Density Estimation in Practice.
Selecting the bandwidth via cross-validation.
Bug fixes: replace |
| Friday 03/12 |
Practice quiz (10 min).
Review of the material covered so far. Discussion of the choices for final projects. Scikit-learn examples database. Discussion of previous homework assignments. Bonus topic: Comparison of supervised classifiers. Background reading: |
| Monday 03/15 | Gradient Descent Methods (Chaper 4 in Geron). Selecting and training a model. Minimizing the loss function with respect to the hyperparameters. Analytical minimization of the loss function for linear regression. Normal equation. Numerical example, scikit-learn implementation. Gradient descent: the basic idea. Learning rate. Gradient descent pitfalls. The importance of scaling the features. Batch, stochastic and mini-batch gradient descent. Bonus: Why momentum really works. |
| Wednesday 03/17 |
Must-watch video: Neural Networks series at 3blue1brown. Legacy of neural network research in Physics at UF: R. Field. Deep learning: overview. Keras. Introduction to neural networks. Artificial neuron. Inputs, weights, connections, bias, activation function, output. The basic structure of a neural network: input layer, output layer, hidden layers. Backpropagation and gradient descent. |
| Friday 03/19 |
An example of a basic neural network: classifying the handwritten digits from the MNIST dataset. Variations in the network architecture: different choices for the activation function, the loss function, the optimizer, the metrics. Hyperparameters: learning rate, regularization, momentum. Available datasets in Keras. Must-watch video: Alphago: The Movie. |
| Monday 03/22 |
General guidelines for building neural networks. Different choices for the architecture and the hyperparameters. Example: Toy classification with Tensorflow. Example: Binary classification of the IMDB dataset. |
| Wednesday 03/24 |
No class: recharge day. |
| Friday 03/26 | Convolutional neural network (convnet). Example: classifying the MNIST digits. |
| Monday 03/29 |
How to deal with overfitting: lower the network capacity, add weight regularization, add dropout. Deep Learning: brief review DLI style. |
| Wednesday 03/31 |
EXAM |
| Friday 04/02 |
Example: multiclass classification of Reuters newswires. Example: regression on the Boston housing price market. |
| Monday 04/05 |
Review of Hipergator capabilities:
Announcement of the ML Hackathon Challenge (deadline: April 12). Forming teams. Example: generative learning, variational autoencoders. Example: MNIST digits latent space. |
| Wednesday 04/07 |
Autoencoders. Latent representations (codings). Latent space. Undercomplete autoencoders. Examples: 1) PCA with an undercomplete linear encoder; 2) stacked autoencoder - training all at once or one at a time, tying weights, visualization, latent space vector arithmetic; 3) convolutional autoencoder; 4) recurrent autoencoder (skip); 5) denoising autoencoder; 6) sparse autoencoder (skip); 7) variational autoencoder. Generative adversarial network (GAN). Basic architecture: the generator and the discriminator. Adversarial training. Training the discriminator. Training the generator. Examples: Simple GAN, deep convolutional GAN trained on the Fashion MNIST dataset. Results. |
| Friday 04/09 |
Final instructions for the final project presentations. 2:15 pm: Special high-energy seminar on AI: J. Thaler, MIT and IAIFI |
| Monday 04/12 |
Rubric (30 pts total): 1. Introducing the topic [10]: what is the question we are trying to answer? Why is it important? Previous approaches - pros and cons. Why do we expect a (new) ML method would help in this case? 2. Machine learning aspect [10]: what ML technique was applied, what dictated the choice of this particular technique, rough description of the technique, choice of hyperparameters, training/validation (if applicable), results, conclusions. 3. Overall impression [5] and time management [5]: optimal mix of text/graphics/formulas, no spelling and grammar mistakes, appropriate font size, labelling the plots/axes, effective use of color/illustrations; finish within the alloted time of 12 min + 3 min for questions.
The remaining 10 pts will be distributed for submitting an evaluation and feedback for at least ten presentations. The deadline for preparing the final projects is today. Everybody should be ready to present the final project on April 12. The order of speakers will be chosen randomly before each class. Final project presentations: session 1 (4 talks). |
| Wednesday 04/14 | Final project presentations: session 2 (4 talks). |
| Friday 04/16 | Final project presentations: session 3 (4 talks). |
| Monday 04/19 | Final project presentations: session 4 (4 talks). |
| Wednesday 04/21 | Final project presentations: session 5 (4 talks). |